Zambia uses the first-past-the-post electoral system, with no quota at both national and local levels.  Women’s representation has vacillated between 15% and 18% in the lower house, and 7% and 9% at the local government level over 15 years, from 2006 to 2021.

WPP in Zambia remains persistently low, and this is a clear example of why quotas and electoral systems that are more conducive to women entering parliament are needed.