Eswatini is a monarchy, in which political parties are banned. The country uses the first-past-the-post (FPTP) electoral system, with a legislated candidate quota in the lower house of parliament and no quota at the local government level. WPP remains below 30% at both levels.

The Constitution of Eswatini states that if women make up fewer than 30% of the House of Assembly, four women must be elected from different regions. This rule led to a law in 2018 to help more women be elected. Despite this, the 2023 elections did not meet the 30% target. Of 280 women candidates, only eight won seats, representing just 11% of the 74 seats.

The law also says that at least half of the 10 members appointed by the King should be women, but only four women were appointed instead of five. As a result, women make up only 27% of parliament. The FPTP system makes it hard to enforce these quotas, so the targets are often not met.